Glaucoma is a disease that destroys the optic nerve; the connection
between our eyes and the brain. It occurs in about 9% of the population
over 70 but can occur at any age but most commonly after the age of
50.
What causes glaucoma?
The exact causes of glaucoma are not known. It is believed to be caused
by having too high a pressure inside the eye which damages the optic
nerve producing a loss of peripheral vision primarily before affecting the
central vision as it progresses to blindness. In some cases the drainage
network of the eye may not be formed properly, or may become
blocked by natural materials or due to injury; in other cases there is no
clear cause for the increased pressure. Having said this, glaucoma can
also be seen where the pressures are within a normal range.
How do I know if I have glaucoma?
As glaucoma primarily affects our peripheral vision in its early stages
and no pain accompanies this loss, most people are unaware that they have
it and it will not be detected without an eye examination.
Can glaucoma be prevented or treated?
No, glaucoma cannot be prevented. Although vision lost through glaucoma
is not reversible, treatment is available and people seldom go
blind to this disease nowadays. The most important cog in battling glaucoma
is early detection and so it is recommended everyone be tested at
least every two years if not sooner if there is a family history of glaucoma.
The earlier the detection of the disease the better the prognosis
will be for saving vision.
